TY - JOUR
T1 - Dynamic modelling and equilibrium manifold of multi‐converter systems: A study on grid‐forming and grid‐following converters in renewable energy power plants
AU - Zhang, Ziqian
AU - Schuerhuber, Robert
AU - Fickert, Lothar
AU - Chen, Guochu
PY - 2024/11/16
Y1 - 2024/11/16
N2 - This study explores the optimal balance between grid-forming (GFM) and grid-following (GFL) converter capacities within power stations to ensure stable operations. The investigation introduces a novel, generic modelling approach for analysing multiple converter systems in the wind and photovoltaic power plants. The method aims to elucidate the dynamic characteristics of the converters in power plants, particularly focusing on the continuity and existence of the equilibrium manifolds and their impact on system stability. Findings reveal a pronounced difference in the recovery capabilities of GFM and GFL following synchronization losses, highlighting an asymmetry in their abilities. Specifically, GFL converters exhibit more effectiveness in reinstating synchrony after synchronization losses caused by GFM. Conversely, GFM demonstrates a lesser capacity to recover from synchronization losses induced by GFL. Furthermore, analysis indicates that when the capacity ratio of GFL to the system's short-circuit capacity significantly exceeds that of GFM (exceeding a 1:5 ratio), the system experiences an absence of a stable equilibrium point, thereby affecting the synchronization stability of GFM. These conclusions have been validated through joint controller hardware-in-the-loop testing.
AB - This study explores the optimal balance between grid-forming (GFM) and grid-following (GFL) converter capacities within power stations to ensure stable operations. The investigation introduces a novel, generic modelling approach for analysing multiple converter systems in the wind and photovoltaic power plants. The method aims to elucidate the dynamic characteristics of the converters in power plants, particularly focusing on the continuity and existence of the equilibrium manifolds and their impact on system stability. Findings reveal a pronounced difference in the recovery capabilities of GFM and GFL following synchronization losses, highlighting an asymmetry in their abilities. Specifically, GFL converters exhibit more effectiveness in reinstating synchrony after synchronization losses caused by GFM. Conversely, GFM demonstrates a lesser capacity to recover from synchronization losses induced by GFL. Furthermore, analysis indicates that when the capacity ratio of GFL to the system's short-circuit capacity significantly exceeds that of GFM (exceeding a 1:5 ratio), the system experiences an absence of a stable equilibrium point, thereby affecting the synchronization stability of GFM. These conclusions have been validated through joint controller hardware-in-the-loop testing.
KW - power system transient stability
KW - stability criteria
KW - wind power plants
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85207136824&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1049/rpg2.13103
DO - 10.1049/rpg2.13103
M3 - Article
SN - 1752-1416
VL - 18
SP - 3253
EP - 3267
JO - IET Renewable Power Generation
JF - IET Renewable Power Generation
IS - 15
ER -