Mapping the flow: Knowledge development and diffusion in the global innovation system of flow battery technology

Redox flow batteries (RFB) are receiving increasing attention as promising stationary energy storage systems. However, while first innovation activities in this technological field date back to the 1950s, the commercialization and diffusion rates of RFB technology have remained limited. Apart from technological challenges, the lack of a functioning innovation system is one of the main barriers to mainstream this technology. Here, we carried out a comprehensive bibliometric analysis of the RFB research field to shed systematic light on a core aspect of innovation systems - the production of knowledge. Based on the analysis of 4,872 papers published in the years 1981–2021, we reveal developments over time, describe the geographical distribution of research activities, and explore collaboration networks as well as emerging lines of research. Overall, our study allows for strengthening the RFB innovation system by providing the foundation for aligning a scattered research field, identifying needs for technology development, and fostering collaboration and synergy creation.