Minimally Invasive Treatment of Trapeziometacarpal Osteoarthritis: Results of a Blinded Randomized Controlled Trial

BACKGROUND: Surgical therapy for widespread first carpometacarpal (CMC1) arthritis permanently alters the physiologic anatomy of the hand. The injection of autologous substances into the thumb saddle joint could achieve temporary pain relief and delay surgical indications. This trial aimed to compare the pain-reducing effects of autologous fat and/or platelet-rich plasma (PRP) with saline 0.9% in the infiltration therapy of carpometacarpal arthritis of the thumb (CMC1 arthritis). METHODS: A blinded, randomized controlled trial was conducted. Ninety-five patients with CMC1 arthritis were included in the study. The mean follow-up period was 2 years. Participants were injected with 1.5 mL of autologous fat, PRP, autologous fat and PRP, or 0.9% saline solution into the CMC1 joint, depending on the group allocation. The primary outcome of this study was the evaluation of pain reduction in each treatment group. RESULTS: The combination of fat and PRP was the only treatment that resulted in a significantly greater reduction in pain compared with 0.9% saline ( P = 0.003). Similarly, fat and PRP in combination was the only therapy group to achieve clinically relevant Quick Disabilities of Arm, Shoulder, and Hand score reduction, and the only group that showed a significantly better Medical Outcomes Study 36-Item Short-Form Health Survey score than 0.9% saline ( P = 0.016). No major complications were noted. CONCLUSIONS: In addition to pain reduction, the combination of autologous fat and PRP yields a relevant improvement in hand function and a corresponding improvement in quality of life. This treatment seems to be a viable and safe alternative to short-acting glucocorticoids. CLINICAL QUESTION/LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: Therapeutic, II.