Propagation of Measurement and Model Uncertainties through Multiline TRL Calibration

In this work, we present a linear uncertainty (LU) propagation treatment of measurement and model uncertainties in multiline thru-reflect-line (TRL) calibration. The proposed method is in accordance with the ISO Guide to the Expression of Uncertainty in Measurement (GUM). We demonstrate with numerical simulation based on the Monte Carlo (MC) method that our proposed LU method delivers identical uncertainty as the MC method but in a more efficient way.