@inproceedings{b087f19fab39447d905d01c67b4a18e3,
title = "Requirements for Escape Doors in the Tunnels of the Koralm Railway Line – Special Focus on Thermal Loads During Fire",
abstract = "As escape ways are an integral part of rail tunnel safety, the escape doors themselves requireparticular attention. The doors must be solid enough to withstand the high pressure fluctuationscaused by high-speed rail traffic, and must also be capable of withstanding high temperatures.This paper focuses on the defined temperature requirement for escape doors in theKoralmtunnel. Various regulations define the temperature requirements, e.g. for concretesurfaces. These requirements define temperature levels and exposure times in the form of timetemperaturecurves. As there is no uniform international standard, the requirements imposeddepend more or less on national policy. Well-known temperature curves are the HC curve, theHC-increased curve, and the {\textquoteleft}standard fire time-temperature curve{\textquoteright}, in accordance with EN13501-2. All of these differ in terms of maximum temperature value, time dependent increasein temperature, and duration of temperature exposure.In order to define a credible temperature requirement for tunnel doors, numerical investigationswere performed taking an incident with a maximum heat release rate of 100 MW as a thermalboundary condition. These investigations resulted in a time-temperature curve which could beused in testing the fire resistance of escape doors. The results from an analysis of temperatureand heat release data from full-scale fire tests up to 200 MW peak heat release confirmed thevalidity of the newly-defined test conditions. It turns out that the {\textquoteleft}standard fire time-temperaturecurve{\textquoteright}, as defined in EN 13501-2, represents reliable test conditions.",
keywords = "emergency doors, thermal resistance, tunnel safety, CFD calculations",
author = "Helmut Steiner and Michael Beyer and Peter-Johann Sturm",
year = "2018",
month = jun,
day = "12",
language = "English",
isbn = "978-3-85125-606-2",
volume = "102",
pages = "19--29",
booktitle = "IVT Reports",
publisher = "Verlag der Technischen Universit{\"a}t Graz",
}