The Impact of Vehicle Technology, Size Class, and Driving Style on the GHG and Pollutant Emissions of Passenger Cars

Martin Opetnik, Stefan Hausberger*, Claus Uwe Matzer, Silke Lipp, Lukas Landl, Konstantin Weller, Miriam Elser

*Korrespondierende/r Autor/-in für diese Arbeit

Publikation: Beitrag in einer FachzeitschriftArtikelBegutachtung

Abstract

Although technical improvements to engines and aftertreatment systems have the greatest impact on pollutant emissions, there is also potential for reducing emissions through driver behavior. This potential can be realized in the very short term, while better emission-control technologies only take effect once they have penetrated the market. In addition to a change in driving style, the vehicle owner’s choice of vehicle technology and size class will also have an impact on the future emissions of the vehicle fleet. The effects of different driving styles, the tire choice, the vehicle size class, and propulsion technologies on energy consumption and tailpipe and non-exhaust emissions are analyzed in this paper for different traffic situations and start temperatures for cars with petrol and diesel combustion engines and for battery electric vehicles. The analysis is completed with the corresponding upstream emissions from fuel and electricity production. The analysis is based on a vehicle simulation using the Passenger car and Heavy-duty Emission Model (PHEM), which is based on a large database of vehicles created using measurements of real driving conditions. For the assessment of the driving style, a novel method was developed in an H2020 project, which reproduces a measured trip with a virtual eco-driver. Carbon dioxide equivalent emissions (CO2eq) increase with increasing vehicle size, but can be reduced by around 20% for conventional vehicles and 17% for battery electric vehicles (BEVs) through an environmentally conscious driving style. On average, BEVs have around 50% lower CO2eq emissions than conventional vehicles, if the emissions from vehicle production are also taken into account. On an average journey of 35 km, the cold start of modern diesel vehicles accounts for around half of the total NOx emissions, while the proportion of cold starts for petrol vehicles is around 25%. Tire and brake wear together generate a similar amount of PN23 emissions as the exhaust gases from new cars.

Originalspracheenglisch
Aufsatznummer2052
FachzeitschriftEnergies
Jahrgang17
Ausgabenummer9
DOIs
PublikationsstatusVeröffentlicht - Mai 2024

ASJC Scopus subject areas

  • Erneuerbare Energien, Nachhaltigkeit und Umwelt
  • Feuerungstechnik
  • Ingenieurwesen (sonstige)
  • Energieanlagenbau und Kraftwerkstechnik
  • Energie (sonstige)
  • Steuerung und Optimierung
  • Elektrotechnik und Elektronik

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