Smart Cities
In context of urbanisation and technology trends in the last two decades, it is necessary to examine the spatial effects of new technologies in public space. Urban technologies and information processing systems, are promoted under the concept Smart City and used globally to tackle the challenges of the present and the future of cities, such as environmental pollution, scarcity of resources, or massive urbanization. The young field of research is currently lacking in discussions about the spatial dimensions of digitalisation in urban planning.

Productive City
Urban working and living environments are currently undergoing a process of transformation which is continously challenging cities all around Europe. Post-industrial production today, is creating a post-urban idea of ​​space. New sustainable and emission-neutral production modes offer the opportunity to integrate Industry 4.0 into the urban context and thus not only mix monofunctional areas, but also secure small-scale economic diversity in the cities. The global urbanization tendencies and the economic relevance of the third largest economic sector "manufacturing industry" need to be examined and understood in their complex spatial, social, ecological and economic conditions in order to enable a sustainable development.