TY - JOUR
T1 - Effects of Bi2O3 additive on sintering process and dielectric, ferroelectric, and piezoelectric properties of (Ba0.85Ca0.15)(Zr0.1Ti0.9)O3 lead-free piezoceramics
AU - Hayati, Raziye
AU - Bahrevar, Mohammad Ali
AU - Ebadzadeh, Touradj
AU - Rojas, Virginia
AU - Novak, Nikola
AU - Koruza, Jurij
N1 - Funding Information:
This work was funded by Ministry of Science, Research and Technology of Iran under the PhD project, with grant no. 481392053 , at Materials & Energy Research Center (MERC). It was also financially supported by Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft under the Sonderforschungsbereich 595 ( SFB 595 ) fellowship. The fruitful discussions of Prof. Dr Jürgen Rödel are kindly acknowledged.
Publisher Copyright:
© 2016 Elsevier Ltd
PY - 2016/11/1
Y1 - 2016/11/1
N2 - Lead-free Ba0.85Ca0.15Zr0.1Ti0.9O3 (BCZT) piezoceramics with Bi2O3 additive were synthesized using solid-state ceramic processing. Various amounts of Bi2O3 (0.05, 0.1, 0.5, and 1.0 mol%) were added after calcination, milled, compacted, and sintered with no compensation at A- or B-sites. Addition of up to 0.5 mol% Bi2O3 was found to greatly enhance the densification and increase the piezoelectric properties, while higher amounts decreased the grain size and induced relaxor-like electrical behavior, obeying the Vogel-Fulcher model. The highest properties were obtained for the BCZT with 0.1 mol% Bi2O3 sintered at 1350 °C: d33 = 325 pC/m, d33* = 509 pm/V (at 3 kV/mm), kp = 0.42, and Pr = 10.4 μC/cm2. The microstructure, phase composition, and local structure were investigated by scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, and Raman spectroscopy. The appearance of the A1g vibration mode in the Raman spectra and the shift of diffraction peaks to lower 2θ values indicate the incorporation of Bi3+ into the B-site of the perovskite BCZT structure.
AB - Lead-free Ba0.85Ca0.15Zr0.1Ti0.9O3 (BCZT) piezoceramics with Bi2O3 additive were synthesized using solid-state ceramic processing. Various amounts of Bi2O3 (0.05, 0.1, 0.5, and 1.0 mol%) were added after calcination, milled, compacted, and sintered with no compensation at A- or B-sites. Addition of up to 0.5 mol% Bi2O3 was found to greatly enhance the densification and increase the piezoelectric properties, while higher amounts decreased the grain size and induced relaxor-like electrical behavior, obeying the Vogel-Fulcher model. The highest properties were obtained for the BCZT with 0.1 mol% Bi2O3 sintered at 1350 °C: d33 = 325 pC/m, d33* = 509 pm/V (at 3 kV/mm), kp = 0.42, and Pr = 10.4 μC/cm2. The microstructure, phase composition, and local structure were investigated by scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, and Raman spectroscopy. The appearance of the A1g vibration mode in the Raman spectra and the shift of diffraction peaks to lower 2θ values indicate the incorporation of Bi3+ into the B-site of the perovskite BCZT structure.
KW - BiO addition
KW - Lead free BCZT
KW - Microstructure
KW - Piezoelectric
KW - Relaxor
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=84976448503&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1016/j.jeurceramsoc.2016.05.033
DO - 10.1016/j.jeurceramsoc.2016.05.033
M3 - Article
AN - SCOPUS:84976448503
SN - 0955-2219
VL - 36
SP - 3391
EP - 3400
JO - Journal of the European Ceramic Society
JF - Journal of the European Ceramic Society
IS - 14
ER -