Legal Uncertainties Regarding Cybersecurity for European Motorcycle OEMs

In response to the increasing security risks posed by intelligent and connected vehicles, lawmakers are enforcing stricter cybersecurity regulations for new vehicles. Additionally, the EU introduces more general cybersecurity regulations. This work explores the impact and challenges these regulations impose on European motorcycle manufacturers. We perform a high-level classification of 12 relevant cybersecurity regulations, norms and guidelines. We delve deeper into the five most relevant regulations to assess their impact on the motorcycle industry. Through exchange with industry experts, we extract specific challenges that manufacturers are facing. The analysis of the regulations yields a tight timeline of upcoming regulatory milestones for European motorcycle manufacturers. We also pinpoint 5 specific challenges that arise out of the overarching regulative requirements and show how these challenges may be addressed in the feature. The performed classification and impact analysis on the upcoming cybersecurity regulations shall raise awareness about the topic in the industry. The pinpointed specific challenges may act as a guideline to prepare manufacturers for the coming years.