Non-exhaust PM emissions from railways - in-situ measurements and parameter study

Non-exhaust PM emissions from railways have been investigated by many researches and the most relevant emission sources are identified. However, the available information about the quantity of emissions is hetereogenous as emission factors vary by a factor of 10. To gain more information and to have an idea about the impact of train related and ambient parameters and thei impact on the emissions, Graz University of Technology together with the AUstrian Federal Railwaysnconducted long term measurements in Austrian railway tunnels. Now more than 25.000 trains very analysed in detail. It turned out that high speed passenger trains cause the highest emissions of all trains. In comparison the emission factors of freight trains and commuter trains are lower by a factor of two. In addition, it could be shown that the precipitation intensity, the train speed and the train mass cause the strongest impact on the emissions in which the different characteristics of passenger- and freight trains has to be highlighted.