Protocol for the fabrication of self-standing (nano)cellulose-based 3D scaffolds for tissue engineering

Tamilselvan Mohan; Matej Bračič; Doris Bračič; Florian Lackner; Chandran Nagaraj; Andreja Dobaj Štiglic; Rupert Kargl; Karin Stana Kleinschek

doi:10.1016/j.xpro.2024.103583

Protocol for the fabrication of self-standing (nano)cellulose-based 3D scaffolds for tissue engineering

Tamilselvan Mohan^*, Matej Bračič^*, Doris Bračič, Florian Lackner, Chandran Nagaraj, Andreja Dobaj Štiglic, Rupert Kargl, Karin Stana Kleinschek

^*Corresponding author for this work

Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

Abstract

Three-dimensional (3D) and porous scaffolds made from nanocellulosic materials hold significant potential in tissue engineering (TE). Here, we present a protocol for fabricating self-standing (nano)cellulose-based 3D scaffolds designed for in vitro testing of cells from skin and cartilage tissues. We describe steps for preparation of nanocellulose ink, scaffold formation using 3D printing, and freeze-drying. We then detail post-processing procedures to enhance mechanical properties, stability, and biocompatibility. This protocol offers researchers a framework for developing versatile and sustainable biomaterials for regenerative medicine. For complete details on the use and execution of this protocol, please refer to Mohan et al.¹ and Štiglic et al.²

Original language	English
Article number	103583
Journal	STAR Protocols
Volume	6
Issue number	1
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1016/j.xpro.2024.103583
Publication status	Published - 21 Mar 2025

Keywords

Biotechnology and bioengineering
Chemistry
Material sciences
Tissue Engineering

ASJC Scopus subject areas

General Neuroscience
General Biochemistry,Genetics and Molecular Biology
General Immunology and Microbiology

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10.1016/j.xpro.2024.103583Licence: CC BY-NC 4.0

Cite this

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title = "Protocol for the fabrication of self-standing (nano)cellulose-based 3D scaffolds for tissue engineering",

abstract = "Three-dimensional (3D) and porous scaffolds made from nanocellulosic materials hold significant potential in tissue engineering (TE). Here, we present a protocol for fabricating self-standing (nano)cellulose-based 3D scaffolds designed for in vitro testing of cells from skin and cartilage tissues. We describe steps for preparation of nanocellulose ink, scaffold formation using 3D printing, and freeze-drying. We then detail post-processing procedures to enhance mechanical properties, stability, and biocompatibility. This protocol offers researchers a framework for developing versatile and sustainable biomaterials for regenerative medicine. For complete details on the use and execution of this protocol, please refer to Mohan et al.1 and {\v S}tiglic et al.2",

keywords = "Biotechnology and bioengineering, Chemistry, Material sciences, Tissue Engineering",

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AU - Mohan, Tamilselvan

AU - Bračič, Matej

AU - Bračič, Doris

AU - Lackner, Florian

AU - Nagaraj, Chandran

AU - Štiglic, Andreja Dobaj

AU - Kargl, Rupert

AU - Kleinschek, Karin Stana

PY - 2025/3/21

Y1 - 2025/3/21

N2 - Three-dimensional (3D) and porous scaffolds made from nanocellulosic materials hold significant potential in tissue engineering (TE). Here, we present a protocol for fabricating self-standing (nano)cellulose-based 3D scaffolds designed for in vitro testing of cells from skin and cartilage tissues. We describe steps for preparation of nanocellulose ink, scaffold formation using 3D printing, and freeze-drying. We then detail post-processing procedures to enhance mechanical properties, stability, and biocompatibility. This protocol offers researchers a framework for developing versatile and sustainable biomaterials for regenerative medicine. For complete details on the use and execution of this protocol, please refer to Mohan et al.1 and Štiglic et al.2

AB - Three-dimensional (3D) and porous scaffolds made from nanocellulosic materials hold significant potential in tissue engineering (TE). Here, we present a protocol for fabricating self-standing (nano)cellulose-based 3D scaffolds designed for in vitro testing of cells from skin and cartilage tissues. We describe steps for preparation of nanocellulose ink, scaffold formation using 3D printing, and freeze-drying. We then detail post-processing procedures to enhance mechanical properties, stability, and biocompatibility. This protocol offers researchers a framework for developing versatile and sustainable biomaterials for regenerative medicine. For complete details on the use and execution of this protocol, please refer to Mohan et al.1 and Štiglic et al.2

KW - Biotechnology and bioengineering

KW - Chemistry

KW - Material sciences

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Protocol for the fabrication of self-standing (nano)cellulose-based 3D scaffolds for tissue engineering

Abstract

Keywords

ASJC Scopus subject areas

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