@article{367a1d7b604842cea871ace626e8c1a2,
title = "Response of Tibetan Plateau lakes to climate change: Trends, patterns, and mechanisms",
abstract = "The wide distribution of natural lakes over the Tibetan Plateau, the highest and largest plateau on Earth, have received extensive attention due to global warming. In this Review, we examine lake evolution, spatial patterns and driving mechanisms over the Tibetan Plateau. The changes in lake area, level and volume show a slight decrease from 1976 to the mid-1990s, followed by a continuous rapid increase. The spatial patterns show an overall lake growth in the north of the inner plateau against a reduction in the south, which are accompanied by most of the lakes cooling in the north against warming in the south, and longer ice cover duration in the north compared with the south. The changes in lake temperature are negatively correlated with water level variations and lake ice duration. Enhanced precipitation is the dominant contributor to increased lake water storage, followed by glacier mass loss and permafrost thawing. The decadal or longer lake expansion since the mid-1990s could have been driven by the positive phase of Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation, and clear inflection points of lake area/level identified in 1997/1998 and 2015/2016 are attributed to strong El Ni{\~n}o events. In the near-term, the lakes will continue to expand. Future interdisciplinary lake studies are urgently required to improve understanding of climate-cryosphere-hydrosphere interactions and water resources management.",
keywords = "climate change, hydrological cycle, lake evolution, remote sensing, Tibetan Plateau",
author = "Guoqing Zhang and Tandong Yao and Hongjie Xie and Kun Yang and Liping Zhu and Shum, {C. K.} and Tobias Bolch and Shuang Yi and Simon Allen and Liguang Jiang and Wenfeng Chen and Changqing Ke",
note = "Funding Information: This study was supported by grants from the Second Tibetan Plateau Scientific Expedition and Research (STEP) program (2019QZKK0201), the Strategic Priority Research Program (A) of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (XDA20060201 and XDA19070302), the Natural Science Foundation of China (41871056, 41831177, 21661132003), the National Key R&D Program of China (2018YFB0505005 and 2017YFA0603103-3), and the Field station Alliance Project of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (KFJ-SW-YW038). TB and SA acknowledge funding by the Swiss National Science Foundation (IZLCZ2_169979/1). We would like to thank Catherine M. O'Reilly for her comments at the initial preparation stage of the manuscript and the reviewer for helpful comments to improve the paper. Funding Information: This study was supported by grants from the Second Tibetan Plateau Scientific Expedition and Research (STEP) program ( 2019QZKK0201 ), the Strategic Priority Research Program (A) of the Chinese Academy of Sciences ( XDA20060201 and XDA19070302 ), the Natural Science Foundation of China ( 41871056 , 41831177 , 21661132003 ), the National Key R&D Program of China ( 2018YFB0505005 and 2017YFA0603103-3 ), and the Field station Alliance Project of the Chinese Academy of Sciences ( KFJ-SW-YW038 ). TB and SA acknowledge funding by the Swiss National Science Foundation ( IZLCZ2_169979/1 ). We would like to thank Catherine M. O'Reilly for her comments at the initial preparation stage of the manuscript and the reviewer for helpful comments to improve the paper. Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} 2020 Elsevier B.V.",
year = "2020",
month = sep,
doi = "10.1016/j.earscirev.2020.103269",
language = "English",
volume = "208",
journal = "Earth-Science Reviews",
issn = "0012-8252",
publisher = "Elsevier B.V.",
}