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Abstract
This work presents a wide-range, submicrowatt CMOS rectifier, which is designed to efficiently work at input power levels down to -31 dBm. The designed rectifier uses a novel threshold voltage compensation design, namely, the design of a custom-built single-stage rectifier that supplies a nanowatt current reference circuit. The generated bias current is mirrored to the core rectifier in order to precharge its CMOS diodes. The rectifier was optimized for a minimum number of gain stages while trying to minimize the overall input parasitic capacitance of the rectifier. The proposed CMOS rectifier was designed in an in-house 130-nm CMOS technology and includes a 1.6-kV human body level ESD protection at the input terminals. Measurements reveal a high 30% power conversion efficiency (PCE) over a wide input power range from -23 to -13 dBm for a 1- MΩ output load at 868 MHz. PCE of over 10% is achieved for a 1- MΩ load at an input power of -28 dBm. The enhanced startup at submicrowatt input power levels of the CMOS rectifier enables the design of an ultralow-power passive wake-up receiver. The measured sensitivity of -31 dBm for a 1-V output voltage across a capacitive load is the lowest reported in the literature so far.
Original language | English |
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Pages (from-to) | 4803-4812 |
Number of pages | 10 |
Journal | IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory and Techniques |
Volume | 69 |
Issue number | 11 |
DOIs | |
Publication status | Published - 1 Nov 2021 |
Keywords
- CMOS rectifier
- CMOS technology
- high-sensitivity rectifier
- passive wake-up receiver (WuRX)
- Radio frequency
- radio frequency (RF) energy harvesting
- Semiconductor device modeling
- submicrowatt circuit
- Threshold voltage
- threshold voltage compensation.
- Topology
- Transistors
- Voltage measurement
- threshold voltage compensation
ASJC Scopus subject areas
- Electrical and Electronic Engineering
- Condensed Matter Physics
- Radiation
Fields of Expertise
- Information, Communication & Computing
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Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) Technologies
Görtschacher, L. J., Pachler, W., Freidl, P. F., Bösch, W., Gadringer, M. E., Khan, H. N., Greiner, P., Glanzer, C., Grosinger, J., Fischbacher, R. B., Deutschmann, B., Romero Lopera, J. & Shetty, D.
1/04/13 → …
Project: Research area
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Wireless Power Transmission for Sustainable Electronics (WIPE)
Bösch, W., Görtschacher, L. J., Pachler, W., Freidl, P. F., Khan, H. N., Gadringer, M. E., Greiner, P., Gentili, F., Glanzer, C., Grosinger, J., Fischbacher, R. B., Deutschmann, B., Shetty, D. & Romero Lopera, J.
1/04/13 → …
Project: Research area
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Dessnet - Dependable, secure and time-aware sensor networks
Mangard, S., Glanzer, C., Görtschacher, L. J., Bösch, W., Grosinger, J., Fischbacher, R. B., Deutschmann, B. & Shetty, D.
1/06/17 → 31/07/21
Project: Research project