Abstract
In the planning and design phases of underground structures, the information on geological setup, the rock mass structure and characteristics necessarily is incomplete and inaccurate. To allow for a safe and economical construction, a continuous updating of the ground model and an adjustment of the construction methods to the actual site conditions is required. For a smooth construction process, the conditions ahead of the face have to be predicted, and the ground surrounding the tunnel characterized. Based on this updated model the ground
behaviour can be assessed, and the final layout of the construction determined. The expected interaction between ground and support (system behaviour) forms the basis for the monitoring program and the safety management plan, which includes warning and alarm criteria.
As all decisions on site have to be made quickly, data acquisition, processing and analysis have to be well organized. Highly qualified and experienced geotechnical personnel, as well as appropriate site organization and contractual conditions are required to allow for a short reaction time to changing conditions.
A number of tools and methods have been developed, which contribute to a more reliable assessment of rock mass structure and behaviour, which again enables a more precise determination of excavation and support methods. Digital stereo photos allow a precise evaluation of the rock mass structure, while advanced software for the evaluation of displacement monitoring data and prediction of displacements assists in predicting and
controlling the performance of the underground structure. Up to date methods of monitoring data evaluation and interpretation will be demonstrated with the help of case histories.
A key issue is the accurate prediction of the displacements in their development and final magnitude.
Appropriate software can support engineers in assessing displacements and stresses of tunnel supports.
The experience of on-site personnel in general is limited, and may not cover specific problems encountered on site. In the past experts had to be brought to the site and briefed on the conditions to solve such problems. This is slow and inefficient, as the level of information might be not sufficient or time consuming to upgrade. With the Internet nowadays an exchange of information is easy, allowing experts to give a profound advice, even if they are not on site.
behaviour can be assessed, and the final layout of the construction determined. The expected interaction between ground and support (system behaviour) forms the basis for the monitoring program and the safety management plan, which includes warning and alarm criteria.
As all decisions on site have to be made quickly, data acquisition, processing and analysis have to be well organized. Highly qualified and experienced geotechnical personnel, as well as appropriate site organization and contractual conditions are required to allow for a short reaction time to changing conditions.
A number of tools and methods have been developed, which contribute to a more reliable assessment of rock mass structure and behaviour, which again enables a more precise determination of excavation and support methods. Digital stereo photos allow a precise evaluation of the rock mass structure, while advanced software for the evaluation of displacement monitoring data and prediction of displacements assists in predicting and
controlling the performance of the underground structure. Up to date methods of monitoring data evaluation and interpretation will be demonstrated with the help of case histories.
A key issue is the accurate prediction of the displacements in their development and final magnitude.
Appropriate software can support engineers in assessing displacements and stresses of tunnel supports.
The experience of on-site personnel in general is limited, and may not cover specific problems encountered on site. In the past experts had to be brought to the site and briefed on the conditions to solve such problems. This is slow and inefficient, as the level of information might be not sufficient or time consuming to upgrade. With the Internet nowadays an exchange of information is easy, allowing experts to give a profound advice, even if they are not on site.
| Original language | English |
|---|---|
| Title of host publication | Rock Mechanics in Underground Construction |
| Subtitle of host publication | ISRM International Symposium 2006; 4th Asian Rock Mechanics Symposium, 8 - 10 November 2006, Singapore |
| Pages | 251-257 |
| ISBN (Electronic) | 981270437X |
| Publication status | Published - 2006 |
| Event | ISRM International Symposium 2006 / 4th Asian Rock Mechanics Symposium: ISRM 2006 - Singapur, Singapore Duration: 8 Nov 2006 → 10 Nov 2006 |
Conference
| Conference | ISRM International Symposium 2006 / 4th Asian Rock Mechanics Symposium |
|---|---|
| Country/Territory | Singapore |
| City | Singapur |
| Period | 8/11/06 → 10/11/06 |