TY - JOUR
T1 - Ejector validation in proton exchange membrane fuel cells
T2 - A comparison of turbulence models in computational fluid dynamics (CFD) with experiment
AU - Singer, Gerald
AU - Pinsker, Rafael
AU - Stelzer, Markus
AU - Aggarwal, Martin
AU - Pertl, Patrick
AU - Trattner, Alexander
N1 - Publisher Copyright:
© 2024
PY - 2024/4/3
Y1 - 2024/4/3
N2 - In order to industrialize proton exchange membrane (PEM) fuel cells and balance of plant components, simulations are utilized to minimize costs during development and maximize performance. A key component in the anode path is the ejector, which is often optimized by 2D CFD to maximize the entrainment ratio. However, most turbulence models for 2D CFD simulations do not accurately predict the ejector's entrainment ratio across the entire operating range. This study involves validating various turbulence models using experimental data from two distinct ejectors. The optimal turbulence model, identified as the Reynolds Stress Model, achieves an average deviation of 6.1% in the entrainment ratio between simulation and experiment for both ejectors. This represents a significant improvement compared to traditional k-ε and k-ω turbulence models. The proposed turbulence model minimizes deviations in actual operation, thereby reducing testing and development costs, and contributing to the rapid industrialization of PEM fuel cell technology.
AB - In order to industrialize proton exchange membrane (PEM) fuel cells and balance of plant components, simulations are utilized to minimize costs during development and maximize performance. A key component in the anode path is the ejector, which is often optimized by 2D CFD to maximize the entrainment ratio. However, most turbulence models for 2D CFD simulations do not accurately predict the ejector's entrainment ratio across the entire operating range. This study involves validating various turbulence models using experimental data from two distinct ejectors. The optimal turbulence model, identified as the Reynolds Stress Model, achieves an average deviation of 6.1% in the entrainment ratio between simulation and experiment for both ejectors. This represents a significant improvement compared to traditional k-ε and k-ω turbulence models. The proposed turbulence model minimizes deviations in actual operation, thereby reducing testing and development costs, and contributing to the rapid industrialization of PEM fuel cell technology.
KW - 2D CFD simulation
KW - Comparison/validation
KW - Passive anode hydrogen recirculation
KW - PEM fuel cell
KW - Testing/experiment
KW - Turbulence model analysis
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85187200282&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1016/j.ijhydene.2024.02.365
DO - 10.1016/j.ijhydene.2024.02.365
M3 - Article
AN - SCOPUS:85187200282
SN - 0360-3199
VL - 61
SP - 1405
EP - 1416
JO - International Journal of Hydrogen Energy
JF - International Journal of Hydrogen Energy
ER -