Digital Engineering tools in designing parcel distribution centers: Introducing a multidimensional classification model

Parcel distribution centers have been facing the challenge of efficiently sorting a growing number of shipments in recent years. In addition to this trend, constant changes in the shipment spectrum, shifting consumer behavior, and seasonal fluctuations require efficient design of distribution centers and flexibility in process strategies, while also considering sustainability aspects.
Digital Engineering offers various solutions to meet these requirements. As the variety of methods and tools of Digital Engineering is steadily growing, this study presents a methodology to choose the most appropriate in the context of the development and optimization of a parcel distribution center. The methodology’s core is a multidimensional classification model that summarizes a parcel distribution center, allowing the representation of its inherent information and interconnections. This, in turn, enables the allocation of the most appropriate Digital Engineering solution. The primary emphasis is on solutions that the authors categorize under the domain of "Design and Simulation", encompassing techniques such as material flow simulations and Multibody Simulations.
Initially, different levels of the parcel distribution center are investigated independently, focusing on methods, tools, influences, and outcomes. Subsequently, the connections between these levels are established to obtain a holistic view of the distribution center, highlighting the interactions between the approaches. Finally, future challenges and opportunities are discussed.
Furthermore, the paper outlines the allocation of Digital Engineering tools throughout the product lifecycle. These tools are assessed with respect to sustainability goals, covering ecological, economic, and social aspects.
In conclusion, this publication demonstrates the significant potential of Digital Engineering tools in enhancing the design, operation, and sustainability of parcel distribution centers by using a multidimensional classification model.