Validation of a biomass conversion mechanism by Eulerian modelling of a fixed-bed system under low primary air conditions

This work presents a three-dimensional Computational Fluid Dynamics study of a small-scale biomass combustion system operating with low primary air ratios. The Eulerian Biomass Thermal Conversion Model (EBiTCoM) was adapted to incorporate a pyrolysis mechanism based on the detailed Ranzi-Anca-Couce (RAC) scheme. Two scenarios were simulated using woodchips with 8% and 30% moisture content, and the results were validated against experimental data, including in-flame and bed measurements. The model accurately predicted bed temperature profiles and the influence of fuel moisture content on the pyrolysis and drying fronts, as well as on the distribution of volatiles and temperatures above the solid fuel bed. For the 8% moisture content case, the average gas temperature above the bed is approximately 700 °C, while for the 30% case, it drops to around 400 °C. The lower temperatures hinder the tar cracking reaction, resulting in a 25% higher tar content in the producer gas for the 30% moisture content fuel. The lower part of the bed consists of a thick layer of char undergoing reduction reactions, similar to that of an updraft gasifier. The developed model can accurately simulate biomass combustion systems with solid fuel beds consisting of numerous particles, while maintaining low computational requirements.